Fuels & solid fuels
Bunker and marine fuel
Marine-fuel quality, ignition-related, contamination, stability and handling parameters.| Test / parameter | Published method | Technical purpose | Interpretation context | Capability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 3675 / ISO 12185 / ASTM D1298 / ASTM D4052 | Measures mass per unit volume and supports product identification or specification review. | A result above or below the applicable range may indicate product mixing, contamination, composition change or an incorrect grade. | Inhouse |
| Kinematic Viscosity | ISO 3104 / ASTM D445 / ASTM D7042 | Characterises resistance to flow and, where applicable, viscosity response to temperature. | Higher viscosity may accompany oxidation, soot or heavier-product contamination; lower viscosity may accompany dilution, shear or lighter-product mixing. | Inhouse |
| Flash Point - Pensky-Martens | ISO 2719 / ASTM D93 | Determines the temperature at which vapour ignites under the selected procedure. | A lower result may indicate volatile contamination or product change; a higher result is interpreted against the identified grade and method. | Inhouse |
| Cloud Point | ISO 3015 / ASTM D2500 | Assesses low-temperature flow or operability characteristics. | A higher temperature generally indicates poorer low-temperature behaviour; compare with the climatic and product requirement. | Inhouse |
| Pour Point | ISO 3016 / ASTM D97 | Assesses low-temperature flow or operability characteristics. | A higher temperature generally indicates poorer low-temperature behaviour; compare with the climatic and product requirement. | Inhouse |
| Water Content | ISO 3733 / ASTM D95 | Quantifies water or moisture in the submitted material. | A higher result may indicate ingress, condensation, storage or handling contamination; significance depends on the product and applicable limit. | Inhouse |
| Cetane Index | ISO 4264 | Measures or evaluates cetane index under the published method. | A higher or lower result is interpreted against the applicable specification, sample type and available reference data; direction alone does not establish conformity. | Inhouse |
| Ash Content | ISO 6245 / ASTM D482 | Measures non-combustible residue remaining after controlled combustion. | A higher result indicates more inorganic residue and may affect fuel quality, deposits or specification compliance. | Inhouse |
| Sulphur Content | ISO 8754 / ASTM D4294 | Quantifies sulphur in the submitted fuel or material. | A higher result may affect specification compliance, emissions-related requirements or process suitability; compare with the identified grade. | Inhouse |
| Total Sediment | ISO 10307-1 | Assesses particulate, sediment or insoluble contamination in the sample. | A higher result indicates more suspended or insoluble material; acceptability depends on the equipment, product specification and sampling point. | Inhouse |
| Carbon Residue | ISO 10370 | Assesses the tendency to leave carbonaceous residue under the selected procedure. | A higher result indicates greater residue-forming tendency; relevance depends on the fuel grade and application. | Inhouse |
| Lubricity - HFRR | ASTM D6078 | Measures or evaluates lubricity - hfrr under the published method. | A higher or lower result is interpreted against the applicable specification, sample type and available reference data; direction alone does not establish conformity. | Outsourced |
| Oxidation Stability | ISO 12205 / ASTM D2274 | Assesses oxidation stability or condition-related spectral indicators. | Greater oxidation-related change may indicate degradation; stability results and spectral trends must be interpreted using the applicable method and reference. | Inhouse |
| Water Content - Karl Fischer | ISO 12937 / ASTM D1744 | Quantifies water or moisture in the submitted material. | A higher result may indicate ingress, condensation, storage or handling contamination; significance depends on the product and applicable limit. | Inhouse |
| Elemental Analysis | IP 470 | Reports selected wear, contaminant, additive or composition-related elements. | Higher or lower values require comparison with formulation, metallurgy, process inputs and trend history; one result alone does not establish the source. | Inhouse |
| Acid Number | ASTM D664 | Measures acidic constituents under the selected method. | An increase from the reference may support oxidation or acidic-contamination review; a single result must be compared with product and service history. | Inhouse |