Fuels & solid fuels
Furnace oil
Viscosity, combustion value, residue, water, sulphur and handling characteristics for furnace oil.| Test / parameter | Published method | Technical purpose | Interpretation context | Capability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density at 15 °C | IS 1448 (P32) / ASTM D4052 | Measures mass per unit volume and supports product identification or specification review. | A result above or below the applicable range may indicate product mixing, contamination, composition change or an incorrect grade. | Inhouse |
| Kinematic Viscosity at 50 °C | IS 1448 (P25) / ASTM D445 | Characterises resistance to flow and, where applicable, viscosity response to temperature. | Higher viscosity may accompany oxidation, soot or heavier-product contamination; lower viscosity may accompany dilution, shear or lighter-product mixing. | Inhouse |
| Kinematic Viscosity at 100 °C | IS 1448 (P25) / ASTM D445 | Characterises resistance to flow and, where applicable, viscosity response to temperature. | Higher viscosity may accompany oxidation, soot or heavier-product contamination; lower viscosity may accompany dilution, shear or lighter-product mixing. | Inhouse |
| Flash Point - PMCC | IS 1448 (P21) / ASTM D93 | Determines the temperature at which vapour ignites under the selected procedure. | A lower result may indicate volatile contamination or product change; a higher result is interpreted against the identified grade and method. | Inhouse |
| Water Content - Dean and Stark | IS 1448 (P40) / ASTM D95 | Quantifies water or moisture in the submitted material. | A higher result may indicate ingress, condensation, storage or handling contamination; significance depends on the product and applicable limit. | Inhouse |
| Ash Content | IS 1448 (P4) / ASTM D482 | Measures non-combustible residue remaining after controlled combustion. | A higher result indicates more inorganic residue and may affect fuel quality, deposits or specification compliance. | Inhouse |
| Conradson Carbon Residue | IS 1448 (P122) / ASTM D189 | Assesses the tendency to leave carbonaceous residue under the selected procedure. | A higher result indicates greater residue-forming tendency; relevance depends on the fuel grade and application. | Inhouse |
| Inorganic Acidity | IS 1448 (P2) | Measures acidic constituents under the selected method. | An increase from the reference may support oxidation or acidic-contamination review; a single result must be compared with product and service history. | Inhouse |
| Sediments | CTP | Assesses particulate, sediment or insoluble contamination in the sample. | A higher result indicates more suspended or insoluble material; acceptability depends on the equipment, product specification and sampling point. | Inhouse |
| Asphaltenes | IS 1448 (P22) / ASTM D6560 | Measures or evaluates asphaltenes under the published method. | A higher or lower result is interpreted against the applicable specification, sample type and available reference data; direction alone does not establish conformity. | Inhouse |
| Metal Content | IP 501 | Reports selected wear, contaminant, additive or composition-related elements. | Higher or lower values require comparison with formulation, metallurgy, process inputs and trend history; one result alone does not establish the source. | Inhouse |
| Pour Point | IS 1448 (P10 Sec 2) / ASTM D97 | Assesses low-temperature flow or operability characteristics. | A higher temperature generally indicates poorer low-temperature behaviour; compare with the climatic and product requirement. | Inhouse |
| Gross Calorific Value | IS 1448 (P6) / ASTM D240 | Measures the heat released during controlled combustion. | A higher value indicates greater energy content per reported basis; a lower value may reflect moisture, ash or material-composition differences. | Inhouse |
| Net Calorific Value | IS 1448 (P6) | Measures the heat released during controlled combustion. | A higher value indicates greater energy content per reported basis; a lower value may reflect moisture, ash or material-composition differences. | Inhouse |
| Sulphur Content | IS 1448 (P33) / ASTM D4294 | Quantifies sulphur in the submitted fuel or material. | A higher result may affect specification compliance, emissions-related requirements or process suitability; compare with the identified grade. | Inhouse |
| Hydrogen Content | IS 1448 (P6) / Calculation | Measures or evaluates hydrogen content under the published method. | A higher or lower result is interpreted against the applicable specification, sample type and available reference data; direction alone does not establish conformity. | Inhouse |